Umkhiqizi Wokuphrinta Wezitikha Ezingokwezifiso Kusukela ngo-2005
Ulimi
Umkhiqizi Wokuphrinta Wezitikha Ezingokwezifiso Kusukela ngo-2005
Ukuphishekela ubuhle kuwumzwelo wemvelo womuntu, futhi abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe bafinyelela ukuphishekela kwabo nothando ngobuhle ngokuphishekela ubumnandi bokwakheka kwabo. Izimonyo zidlala indima ebalulekile kulokhu kuphila. Ngaphezu kokusebenza ngempumelelo kokusetshenziswa, ukupakishwa okuhle kwezimonyo nakho kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile eziheha abathengi.
Ngokukhula komnotho, izinguquko emicabangweni yokupakisha, kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe, amalebula, njengengxenye ebalulekile yokupakishwa kwemikhiqizo, abalulekile embonini yezimonyo. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhangiseni nasencazelweni yomkhiqizo, futhi iyindlela ebalulekile yabathengi yokuhlonza izinhlobo zomkhiqizo nezici. Kubalulekile ukugqama phakathi kwezimbangi eziningi ngokukhetha izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezifanele futhi udizayine amalebula aklanywe kahle. Amalebula amahle angakhuphula ukukhanga komkhiqizo futhi athuthukise ukuthengiswa kwebhizinisi, asize abathengi bakhombe futhi bakhethe imikhiqizo yabo abayintandokazi kalula.
Namuhla, sizokwethula ukusetshenziswa kwamalebula embonini yezimonyo futhi sibone ukuthi amalebula amahle angadonsa kanjani ukunaka kwabathengi phakathi kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene.
Izitika zephepha lokubhala ziwuhlobo olujwayelekile lwelebula elisetshenziswa kuzimonyo. Inezici zenqubo yokunyathelisa elula kanye nokunikeza umbala ocacile, futhi ithandwa kakhulu yinani elikhulu labakhiqizi bezimonyo. Amalebula anamathelayo enziwe ngezinto ze-matte abuye abe nokuthungwa kwe-matte okuyingqayizivele, okungagcini nje ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka kobuhle bezimonyo, kodwa futhi kuletha abathengi isipiliyoni sezinzwa eziphezulu.
Njengoba i-adhesive yephepha lokubhala kulula ukulinyazwa lapho ihlangana namanzi namafutha, okuthinta umphumela wokusetshenziswa, ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa imikhiqizo esetshenziselwa izindawo ezomile, njengesisekelo se-liquid on the dresser, i-eye shadow plate, njll. Lezi yizimo ezivamile zohlelo lokusebenza zokubhala iphepha lokunamathisela.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-adhesive yephepha le-copperplate kanye ne-adhesive yephepha lokubhala kuyafana. Kodwa umehluko usendaweni ebushelelezi, ubumhlophe obuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kukayinki, kanye nomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokuphrinta we-copperplate paper adhesive. Uma kuqhathaniswa nephepha lokubhala, iphepha le-copperplate linohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, njengezincwadi zezithombe ezisezingeni eliphezulu, izikhangiso zemikhiqizo emihle, nezimpawu zokuthengisa.
Kodwa-ke, njengezitika zephepha lokubhala, iphepha le-copperplate linokusebenza okungenamandla okungenwa amanzi kanye nokumelana nowoyela, ngakho-ke lifaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezomile zasendlini. Izitika zephepha ezimboziwe zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukhilimu wobuso, isikhiphi sezimonyo neminye imikhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, ngokukhula okukhulayo kwemboni yelebula, ukuzalwa kobuchwepheshe be-laminating kuxazulule leli phuzu lobuhlungu. I-adhesive yephepha le-copperplate enamathiselwe inezinto ezithile ezingangeni manzi, ezimelana nowoyela, futhi zimelana nokunwaya. Ngisho nasezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu njengezindlu zangasese, imikhiqizo efana ne-lotion yomzimba kanye ne-lotion esekelwe emanzini ene-adhesive yephepha le-copperplate ehlanganiswe namanje ayithinti ukusetshenziswa okuyisisekelo ngemva kokudayiswa umswakama.
Ukunamathiswa kwephepha lokwenziwa kuzuza ukusebenza okungcono okubanzi kunokubhala okunamathelayo kwephepha nokunamathela kwephepha le-copperplate. Impahla eyinhlanganisela eyakhiwe ngephepha nefilimu, enezinto ezinhle ezingangeni manzi kanye nokumelana namafutha, kanye nokuqina okuthile futhi akulula ukuyiklebhula. Uma usebenzisa le nto ukuphrinta nokulebula, ingabonisa kahle umphumela wombala welebula.
Kodwa-ke, uma le nto ibhekene nomswakama noma ukungcola okuphezulu kwamafutha isikhathi eside, amanzi namafutha azongena kancane kancane endaweni engaphezulu, okubangela ukuguquguquka kwelebula futhi kuthinte umphumela wayo wokwethulwa. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwelebula lufaneleka kakhulu izigcawu ezimanzi futhi lungagcina umphumela wokubonisa wokuqukethwe okuphrintiwe isikhathi esithile. Yingakho, isibonelo, izimonyo zokunakekela indlu yangasese zivame ukusebenzisa le lebula.
I-adhesive yefilimu ye-BOPP iyinto yefilimu esobala engabuyisela kakhulu ukubukeka nokuthungwa kwezimonyo. Ngokugqamisa izici ezihlukile zomkhiqizo ngokwawo, ukuheha ukunaka kwamakhasimende, nokusebenzisa amaphakheji aklanywe kahle ukuze ujulise umbono wamakhasimende.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunamathela kwefilimu ye-BOPP kunezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokungangeni manzi kanye nokumelana namafutha. Ngesisombululo seglue esizinikezele esingangeni manzi, ngisho nasezindaweni ezinomswakama njengezindlu zangasese, singaqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uboniswa kahle njengomusha. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekunakekelweni kwezinwele amafutha abalulekile, ama-conditioner wezinwele, neminye imikhiqizo.
Impahla engaphezulu ye-adhesive yefilimu ye-pearl iveza umphumela we-pearl ocwebezelayo, nombala ophakeme nokuthungwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwefilimu eyimbondela kungakhulisa ukugqama kwemibala yelebula, kuyilapho ifilimu ye-matte ingaqinisekisa umphumela wokubukwayo womkhiqizo kuyilapho ihlinzeka ngomuzwa wokuthungwa okuphambili, ithuthukisa kakhulu umphumela wokubonwayo womkhiqizo wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-adhesive yefilimu ye-pearl inezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokungangeni manzi, ukumelana nowoyela, nezindawo ezimelana nokunwaya, futhi awekho amaconsi amanzi noma amafutha azophazamisa ukusetshenziswa kwelebula. Ezindaweni eziswakeme njengezindlu zangasese, kuyenzeka ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bokuqukethwe kwelebula nokugcina imiphumela emihle yokuphrinta ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhlanza ubuso kusetshenziselwa endlini yokugezela noma i-essence liquid isetshenziswa ekamelweni, i-adhesive yefilimu ye-pearlescent izokhethwa.
Kwamanye amalebula ezimonyo anemiphumela ekhethekile yokuklama, izinqubo zokunyathelisa ezivamile azisanele, ngakho-ke kudingeka izinto ezikhethekile ukuze uzifeze. Isibonelo, impahla ye-aluminium foil inamethwe ngongqimba lwe-aluminium foil ebusweni bephepha elijwayelekile ukwethula ukucwebezela kwe-metallic, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe umphumela oqinile wokuthungwa kwe-metallic, nokukhanya kokucwebezela kwayo kwensimbi kudlula kude lokho kwezinqubo zokuphrinta ezijwayelekile. Ukwengeza, ukuze ubonise umphumela wokukhanya ofana netshe letshe eliyigugu lekati, ifilimu ekhethekile yefilimu yekati iyadingeka ukuze kuzuzwe lo mphumela.
Ngakho-ke, izinto ezikhethekile zingahlangabezana nezidingo zemiphumela ehlukene yokuklama, ekhiqizwa ukuze ihambisane nemiphumela yokuklama yamalebula wezimonyo. Le miphumela ngokuvamile ayifezeki ngezinqubo zokuphrinta ezivamile.
Njengomkhakha onemiphumela ehluke kakhulu yokuklama kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta obusetshenziswa kabanzi phakathi kwazo zonke izindawo zokufaka amalebula, amalebula ezimonyo acishe ahlanganise zonke izindlela zokunyathelisa nezinqubo. Amalebula ezimonyo kungathiwa awuvuthondaba lobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta. Ngaphezu kokwethula imiphumela yokuphrinta evamile, kunezindlela ezithile ezikhethekile zokuphrinta.
Izimonyo zivame ukuhlotshaniswa namakha ahlukahlukene, futhi lapho le mikhiqizo ekhazimulayo iboniswa emashalofini ezitolo ezinkulu, ngokuvamile sikuthola kunzima ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi iphunga elimnandi elisifanelekela kangcono. Ukuvula ibhodlela ukuhogela ngokuqinisekile akuvunyelwe. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kudluliselwe ulwazi lokunambitheka kubathengi, amalebula ephunga avele. Ilebula ebizwa ngokuthi iphunga ayisho ukuthi ilebula ngokwayo ingakhipha iphunga, kodwa kunalokho ithwala iphunga ngoyinki osetshenziswa ekunyatheliseni. Uyinki uqukethe ama-microcapsules amaningi agcina amakha. Ngemva kokuqedwa kokuphrinta ilebula, lapho sihlikihla ubuso belebula ngezandla zethu, ama-microcapsules ayadabuka futhi akhulule iphunga. Abakhiqizi bezimonyo bangasebenzisana nabakhiqizi be-inki ukuze bakhiqize ama-microcapsules afana nephunga lemikhiqizo yabo kusengaphambili, bese bewahlanganisa kuyinki osetshenziselwa ukunyathelisa. Ngale ndlela, ilebula ephrintiwe idinga kuphela abathengi ukuthi bahlikihle izandla zabo futhi bezwe iphunga lezimonyo, ngaleyo ndlela bakhethe ngokunembile izimonyo abazithandayo.
Ilebula yomphumela wokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, njengoba negama libonisa, ibhekisela ekushintsheni kombala kulebula okubangelwa ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Amalebula okuphrinta anoyinki ozwelayo kwezinga lokushisa angaletha umphumela womlingo. Uyinki oshintsha izinga lokushisa uhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezingahlehliswa nezingenakuhlehliswa, futhi uyinki eshintsha izinga lokushisa eshintshayo ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kumalebula ezimonyo. Ukusebenza kukayinki ozwelayo kwezinga lokushisa kuhlukile, njengokuphrinta amaphethini ezimbali kumalebula angakaqhakaza. Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, izimbali ezikulebula zizoqhakaza.
Umgomo kayinki we-thermochromic uwukuphrinta izinhlobo ezimbili zikayinki we-thermochromic kulebula ngesikhathi esisodwa, ohambelana namaphethini angavuliwe naqhakazile, ngamazinga okushisa ashintsha umbala ahlukahlukene kulawa ma-inki amabili. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, uyinki wezimbali ezingavulwanga ubonakala unombala, kuyilapho uyinki ovela ezimbalini eziqhakazayo ubonakala ungenambala; Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, uyinki wezimbali ezingavulwanga uba nemibala, kuyilapho uyinki wezimbali eziqhakazile uba nemibala. Ngakho-ke, esikubona emazingeni okushisa aphansi amaphethini angavulwanga, kuyilapho emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, amaphethini angavuliwe angabi nambala, kuyilapho amaphethini aqhakazile abonisa umbala. Lo mphumela omangalisayo wokushintsha umbala uvame ukudonsa ukunaka kwabantu, okuholela kumphumela omuhle weshalofu.
Amalebula omphumela okhanyayo abhekisela kumalebula ezimonyo aphrintwe ngoyinki okhanyayo oqukethe impushana ye-fluorescent. Ngemva kokumunca ukukhanya kwelanga emini, lawa malebula azokhipha ukukhanya lapho ebekwe endaweni emnyama. Umphumela okhanyayo uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphrinta umbhalo othile okhethekile ofundisayo noma amabhlogo ombala okhazimulayo, okwenza kube lula kubathengi ukuthola izimonyo abazidingayo ngisho nasezimweni ezimnyama.
Ezinye izimonyo zisebenzisa i-inki engabonakali ukuze ziphrinte amaphethini athile ekuphrinteni ilebula ngezinjongo zokulwa nomgunyathi. Lo uyinki ngokwawo awunambala, kodwa uzobonisa umbala ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-fluorescent, okungaba nomthelela othile wokulwa nomgunyathi. Lezi zinqubo zokuphrinta ezikhethekile zenza amalebula ezimonyo athandeke kakhulu ekwakhiweni, ahlangabezane nezidingo eziphakeme zabathengi zezimonyo.
Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe bokunyathelisa buhlala buthuthuka, kodwa ezinye izindlela ezivamile zokunyathelisa zisabusa.
Izitembu ezishisayo zekhwalithi ephezulu ziyisici esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi yokugxiviza okushisayo. Njengomhlobiso ongaphezulu, ukugxiviza okushisayo kunezinzuzo zokuphrinta okuthambile nokuqinile, ukuthungwa okuhle kwensimbi, amandla okuvala aqinile, nomthelela wokusiza. Ngokushisisa nokucindezela i-foil yegolide ephepheni, ukucwebezela kwensimbi okukhanyayo kungatholwa ngezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Iphethini ephrintiwe ngokugxiviza okushisayo icacile, inhle, inemibala egqamile futhi ekhangayo, futhi ayigugi futhi imelana nesimo sezulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezitembu ezishisayo ezimpawini zokuhweba zezimonyo namagama abhalisiwe kungathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yokubuka.
Ukuphrinta isikrini kungokobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-stencil. Ngesikhathi sokunyathelisa, uyinki udluliselwa emigodini yepuleti yokunyathelisa ukuya ku-substrate ngokusebenzisa ingcindezi ethile, ukwakha isithombe noma umbhalo. Ukuphrinta isikrini akunqunyelwe usayizi nokuma kwe-substrate, okwenza ukwakhiwa kwamapuleti kube lula futhi kungabizi. Inongqimba lukayinki owugqinsi, izendlalelo ezicebile zehluzo nombhalo, kanye nomphumela onezinhlangothi ezintathu, okuyenza ifanelekele uhla olubanzi lwezinto zokunyathelisa. Ukusebenzisa uyinki wesikrini se-UV ukuze uphrinte i-matte, i-refractive, imbali yeqhwa, nemiphumela eshwabene emabhokisini ephepha lokupakisha lezimonyo kungashukumisa kakhulu isifiso sabathengi sokuthenga.
Ukuphrinta kwe-Offset kuyindlela yokuphrinta eyisicaba esebenzisa irabha (ingubo yokulala) ukudlulisa ihluzo nombhalo kupuleti lokuphrinta ku-substrate. Inesivinini sokuphrinta esisheshayo, ikhwalithi yokuphrinta ezinzile, kanye nomjikelezo omfushane wokuphrinta jikelele. Izingxenye zegraphic eziphrintiwe nezingezona ingcaca ngokuyisisekelo ziwukuphrinta kwe-offset, okuyindlela yokuphrinta eyisicaba edlulisela izingxenye ezinemifanekiso nezingezona ingcaca epuleti lokuphrinta ziye engxenyeni engaphansi ngerabha (ingubo yokulala). Inezinzuzo zejubane lokuphrinta elisheshayo, ikhwalithi yokuphrinta ezinzile, kanye nomjikelezo omfushane wokuphrinta jikelele. Izingxenye eziyingcaca nezingezona ingcaca zokuphrinta kwe-offset ngokuyisisekelo zikundiza efanayo, futhi ukujiya kukayinki kuncane kakhulu.
Ngaphansi kwengcindezi ethile, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhunta se-concave convex kungabangela ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki kwama-substrates aphrintiwe futhi kwenziwe ukucubungula ngobuciko ebusweni bezinto eziphrintiwe. Ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-Convex buyindlela yokuqala yokunyathelisa esetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni zezentengiselwano. Ezinsukwini zangaphambili, kwakungasetshenziswa uhlobo olunyakazayo kuphela ukuze kunyatheliswe ukwaziswa kombhalo, kodwa manje izingcwecwe eziqopha izithombe zingase zisetshenziswe nasekunyatheliseni nge-letterpress. Izinto eziphrintiwe eziqoshiwe zinokuthungwa okuqinile futhi zingakhiqiza umphumela wokusiza wezinhlangothi ezintathu, okunomthelela obonakalayo onamandla ongenakulibaleka. Izinkampani eziningi zezimonyo zikhetha ukusebenzisa le nqubo umphumela kumalogo azo. Nokho, izindleko zokunyathelisa nge-letterpress ziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi ukunemba kwezingcwecwe zensimbi zensimbi kulinganiselwe, azikwazi ukubonisa imininingwane emihle kakhulu.
Umthelela wokusiza ungabonisa izici zedizayini yomkhiqizo emazingeni ahlukene, okwenza imigqa ithambe, izendlalelo zihluke kakhulu futhi zinemininingwane. Inokukhanga okuhle okuthintayo nokubonakalayo, okungathuthukisa inani elengeziwe kanye nomthelela wobuciko womkhiqizo.
6. Ubuchwepheshe Beso Lekati
Ubuchwepheshe beso lekati bufinyelelwa ngokubeka nokubumba amehlo ekati ezintweni zefilimu ye-aluminium, kuhlanganiswe nomklamo okhaliphile, futhi ngokunyathelisa kwesibili, bungafinyelela umphumela wokubuka we-3D wemikhiqizo yokuklama eyisicaba, kuyilapho amalebula empeleni eyisicaba ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izendlalelo ze-concave noma ze-convex. Lokhu kusungulwa kobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta bendabuko akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ilukuluku labathengi kanye nesifiso sokuthenga, kodwa futhi kuphakamisa kakhulu izinga lomkhiqizo. I-Colgate 360 ° yokuxubha amazinyo evamile emakethe isebenzisa le nqubo.
Le nqubo inezindleko eziphansi, futhi umgomo oyinhloko uwukubumba ihluzo nombhalo ezintweni ezibonakalayo ze-PET, kwethula umphumela we-laser. Khona-ke, ihluzo ezibunjiwe nombhalo kudluliselwa ku-substrate efana nephepha ngokusebenzisa ukuphulukiswa kwamafutha wesithombe, futhi iphethini ye-laser iphikiswa ngezimiso zokubona. Inqubo yayo imi kanje: okokuqala, i-varnish ye-UV isetshenziselwa umkhiqizo ophrintiwe, bese ifilimu ye-PET enezithombe ezibunjiwe kanye nombhalo uboshelwe kuyo, uphulukiswa yi-UV ukukhanya kwe-ray, bese ifilimu ye-PET ivuselelwa kabusha futhi ivuselelwe (ingasetshenziswa kabusha izikhathi ezingu-3-6, ukunciphisa kakhulu umthelela wayo endaweni ezungezile). Lolu hlobo lomkhiqizo lungabonisa imiphumela emihle ye-laser ngaphandle kwesidingo se-aluminium plating, engagcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko kodwa futhi ethuthukisa ikhwalithi yamalebula.
Ukuphrinta kwe-UV kuyinqubo yokuphrinta esebenzisa i-inki equkethe ama-photosensitizer namalambu okwelapha e-UV ukuze ome futhi welaphe uyinki. Uyinki we-UV usetshenziswe kakhulu emikhakheni efana nokuphrinta kwe-offset, ukuphrinta kwesikrini, ukuphrinta kwe-inkjet, nokuphrinta kwephedi. Ekunyatheliseni kwendabuko, i-UV iphawula inqubo yomphumela womkhiqizo, njengokuphrinta ungqimba lwe-varnish ephethinini oyifunayo, ikakhulukazi ukwandisa ukukhanya nomphumela wobuciko womkhiqizo, kuyilapho uvikela ubuso bomkhiqizo. Inobunzima obuphezulu, ayikwazi ukuguga futhi imelana nokugqwala, futhi ayijwayele ukuklwebheka nezinye izinkinga. Eminye imikhiqizo ye-laminating manje isebenzisa ukuphrinta kwe-UV ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zemvelo, kodwa imikhiqizo ephrintiwe ye-UV akulula ukunamathela, futhi ezinye izimo zingaxazululwa kuphela nge-UV yendawo noma ukupholisha.
Inqubo yokupholishwa kwe-reverse eyingxenye kanye nemikhiqizo enenhlanganisela ehlukene yokuvanisha ingaveza umphumela ovelele wokukhanya nobumnyama, ikakhulukazi ingxenye yesiliva yegolide ingaveza umphumela wegolide lesihlabathi nesiliva lesihlabathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindawo ezinemibala engavamile zinemiphumela engcono yokubuka, enomuzwa weqhwa lapho uthintwa, futhi ingaba nemiphumela yokulwa nokushelela, okuyenza ifaneleke ngokukhethekile ukugeza nokunakekela imikhiqizo.
Eklanyweni yamalebula amakhemikhali ansuku zonke, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ukugxilwa kwe-logo nelogo yomkhiqizo, kuyilapho izincazelo zomsebenzi wangemuva nombhalo zisebenzisa imiphumela ye-matte, okwenza ilebula isebenze kahle ngokuya ngokugqama okucacile okuyisisekelo nesesibili, okuvelele okugqamile, nokulandelana okucacile, kanye nokwethula isikhala esinezinhlangothi ezintathu ekwakhiweni kwesithombe. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-Wave evame ukubonakala iwusebenzise ngempumelelo lo mklamo.
Ekupakishweni kwezimonyo nasekwakhiweni kwelebula, kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa kahle ukuma komkhiqizo nezinto ezisetshenziswayo nezinqubo ukuze kuboniswe ubuhle bawo. Ngokuzayo, imboni yezimonyo izodinga izinhlobonhlobo ezibanzi zezinto zokupakisha namalebula, kanye namasu ahlukahlukene okuphrinta nawokucubungula ukuze kuboniswe ubuhle bemikhiqizo.
I-Pure-Easy—Kungani usikhethe?Izinsizakalo Zokumisa Okukodwa Embonini Yethu
Sihlinzeka ngokukhiqizwa kwelebula yekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nezixazululo ezifanele.(njengokupakisha nezinye izidingo zokukhiqiza ezengeziwe).Siyaqonda ukuthi amakhasimende ethu adinga izinsiza ezingenamthungo, eziphelayo ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo yawo isilungele imakethe ngaphandle kokuhlupheka okuncane. Ngakho-ke sinikeza isevisi yokuma okukodwa ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sakho (njengokufaka kanye nezinye izidingo zokukhiqiza ezengeziwe).
Ngezinto zokuhlola ezihlomele kahle kanye namandla obuchwepheshe aqinile, sinemishini eminingana yokunyathelisa ye-rotogravure yangaphakathi kanye nemishini yokunyathelisa ilebula ezenzakalelayo ngokugcwele.
Copyright © 2026 Shanghai Pure-easy Label Printing Co., Ltd. - Wonke Amalungelo Agodliwe.
